HUMMINGBIRDS   -   TROCHILIDAE   -   PART II

Black-throated Mango Anthracothorax nigricollis Folha Seca, Ubatuba, São Paulo state, Brazil. Male. A widespread and often common species in tropical South America and Panama. (S6)		Black-throated Mango Anthracothorax nigricollis Folha Seca, Ubatuba, São Paulo state, Brazil. Female. (S6)

Green-breasted Mango Anthracothorax prevostii gracilirostris Rancho Naturalista, Cartago province, Costa Rica. Male. I caught him with a point-and-shoot as he was coming in towards a feeder. (P1f)

Crimson Topaz Topaza pella pella 5 km west of San Isidro, Bolívar state, Venezuela. Male. Seen from the right angle, the male shows a brilliant golden-green gorget, unfortunately not caught in this photo. (D3)		Crimson Topaz Topaza pella pella Barquilla de Fresa Lodge, Bolívar state, Venezuela. Male. (D3)

Violet-headed Hummingbird Klais guimeti merrittii Cerro Azul, Panama province, Panama. Female. (S2)

Plovercrest Stephanoxis lalandi lalandi Algulhas Negras road, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. Male. This is the nominate race, with a crest with more green than blue. (D4)		Plovercrest Stephanoxis lalandi loddigesii Intervales State Park, São Paulo state, Brazil. Male. An example of the southern race with a blue crest and more white between the beak and the blue chest. (D3)

Spangled Coquette Lophornis stictolophus Copalinga Lodge, Zamora-Chinchipe province, Ecuador. Male. Both of these are distant shots, though they came out amazing well considering I was hand-holding the camera. Spangled Coquette isn't common anywhere, but it seems especially rare in Ecuador. Copalinga is the only place where I've ever seen it, and even here it can go missing for years at a time. (S5)

Spangled Coquette Lophornis stictolophus Copalinga Lodge, Zamora-Chinchipe province, Ecuador. Female. (S5)

Frilled Coquette Lophornis magnificus Hotel do Ypê, Itatiaia NP, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. Male. (D3)

Frilled Coquette Lophornis magnificus Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Gross state, Brazil. An interesting record shot. There are frequent reports of Dot-eared Coquette, L. gouldii, from the Chapada dos Guimarães, but I wonder if many of these might be based on a mistaken assumption that Frilled Coquette (L. magnificus) would not occur there. I suspect that Dot-eared might occur at the base of the plateau, and Frilled on top of it, but that's just a theory. I've never seen Dot-eared Coquette. (D2)

Festive Coquette Lophornis chalybeus chalybeus Folha Seca, São Paulo state, Brazil. Male. This incredibly beautiful hummer is one of the most common visitors to Jonas's feeders at Folha Seca. While it occurs locally throughout lowland forest in much of tropical South America, nowhere is it as common as in this part of SE Brazil. (S6)

Festive Coquette Lophornis chalybeus chalybeus Folha Seca, São Paulo state, Brazil. Female. (S6)

Festive Coquette Lophornis chalybeus verreauxii Yasuní Research Station, Orellana province, Ecuador. Female, perched in the canopy of a tall tree, and photographed from the canopy tower. A very rare bird in Ecuador. (S6)

Black-crested Coquette Lophornis helenae Arenal Observatory Lodge, Alajuela province, Costa Rica. This ornate Middle American hummer was feeding in a hedge of Verbena in the grounds of the lodge. (S6)

Wire-crested Thorntail Discosura popelairii Copalinga Lodge, Zamora-Chinchipe province, Ecuador. Male. Feeding on Verbena flowers. These flowers are a favorite for the smaller hummers - planting these is often more effective than using feeders for thorntails, coquettes, and some woodstars. (S5)

Green Thorntail Discosura conversii Mirador Rio Blanco, Los Bancos, Pichincha, Ecuador. Male. (S6)		Green Thorntail Discosura conversii Mirador Rio Blanco, Los Bancos, Pichincha, Ecuador. Female. She lacks the long tail but makes up in "cuteness" in other ways. Despite this being the southern limit of their range, they are more common here than anywhere else I know. (S6)

Western Emerald Chlorostilbon melanorhynchus pumilis(?) Tandayapa Bird Lodge, Pichincha province, Ecuador. Male. Apparently, two races of Western Emerald have been reported from Ecuador, pumilis as well as the nominate. The Birds of Ecuador suggests they should be synonimized due to the lack of diagnosable differences. (S4)		Western Emerald Chlorostilbon melanorhynchus pumilis(?) Tandayapa Bird Lodge, Pichincha province, Ecuador. Female. For some reason, the females are much less common around the feeders at Tandayapa, and when they do come, they don't stick around. This is the only photo I've ever managed to get. (S4)

Red-billed Emerald Chlorostilbon gibsoni nitens Perico, La Guajira department, Colombia. Male. The so called "Red-billed Emeralds" in this area show very little red in the bill, at most a tiny patch of pink at the base of the lower mandible. HBW considers this species to be conspecific with Blue-tailed Emerald C. mellisugus, which may be a better treatment. (S6)

Red-billed Emerald Chlorostilbon gibsoni nitens Los Flamencos, La Guajira department, Colombia. Female. (S6)

Canivet's Emerald Chlorostilbon canivetii canivetii El Sumidero National Park, Chiapas state, Mexico. Male. (S5)

Glittering-bellied Emerald Chlorostilbon aureoventris pucherani Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Male. (D3)		Glittering-bellied Emerald Chlorostilbon aureoventris pucherani Jeremoaba-Canudos road, Bahia state, Brazil. Female. (D3)

Green-tailed Emerald Chlorostilbon alice Cerro Negro, Monagas state, Venezuela. Male. This species is endemic to the coastal mountains of Venezuela. While not a great shot, the green tail is evident. (D3)		Green-tailed Emerald Chlorostilbon alice Henri Pittier NP, Aragua state, Venezuela. Female. Female Chlorostilbon hummers are notoriously difficult to identify in this area. I ID'd this one based on geographical range and by the broad pale tips to the outer two retrices. (D3)

Fiery-throated Hummingbird Panterpe insignis insignis Hotel Georgina, Villa Mills, San José province, Costa Rica. The brilliant feathers on the throat are visible only from a very tiny angle. This individual did not show much of that even at the right angle, making me think it was a female or juvenile. This species is almost endemic to Costa Rica, but makes it into extreme western Panama. (S6)

Broad-billed Hummingbird Cynanthus latirostris doubledayi Zipolite, Oaxaca state, Mexico. Male. This subspecies, which is endemic to  the Pacific coast of southern Mexico, is sometimes split off as Doubleday's Hummingbird. It has blue on the forecrown and much more extensive blue on the underparts. (S5)

Violet-crowned Woodnymph Thalurania colombica colombica El Dorado reserve, Santa Marta Mtns, Colombia. Male. Sometimes called Purple-crowned Woodnymph. (S5)		Violet-crowned Woodnymph Thalurania colombica colombica El Dorado reserve, Santa Marta Mtns, Colombia. Female. Notice she's on exactly the same branch as the male. (S5)

Green-crowned Woodnymph Thalurania fannyi verticeps Mirador Rio Blanco, Los Bancos, Pichincha, Ecuador. Male. Very similar to the previous species T. colombica, and perhaps better considered conspecific. Most Green-crowneds show at least a little purple on their crown. (S6)		Green-crowned Woodnymph Thalurania fannyi verticeps Mirador Rio Blanco, Los Bancos, Pichincha, Ecuador. Female. (S6)

Green-crowned Woodnymph Thalurania fannyi hypochlora Buenaventura reserve, El Oro province, Ecuador. Male. Birds of Ecuador splits this race on the basis of the green rather than blue lower underparts of the males. This split is not widely regonized yet. When split, it is called Emerald-bellied Woodnymph (T. hypochlora). (S5)

Fork-tailed Woodnymph Thalurania furcata fissilis Barquilla de Fresa Lodge, Bolívar state, Venezuela. Male. (D3)

Violet-capped Woodnymph Thalurania glaucopis Hotel do Ypê, Itaitiaia NP, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. Male. A common hummer of the Atlantic Rainforest. (S6)

Long-tailed Woodnymph Thalurania watertonii RPPN Frei Caneca, Pernambuco state, Brazil. Male. Endemic to the remnant patches of Atlantic Rainforest in far northeastern Brazil. (S6)

Violet-bellied Hummingbird Damophila julie feliciana Buenaventura reserve, El Oro province, Ecuador. Male. This is the race nearly endemic to the Chocó bioregion. Compared the photo below from Panama, this one has a more violet belly and a more glittering green crown. (S5)

Violet-bellied Hummingbird Damophila julie panamensis Canopy Tower, Panama province, Panama. Male. This individual shows a lot more red on the bill than most. It is usually limited to the lower mandible, and often not even noticeable in the field. (S2)

Rufous-throated Sapphire Hylocharis sapphirina Estação Veracruz, Porto Seguro, Bahia state, Brazil. Male. No subspecies are currently recognized despite the very disjunct nature of the populations. (D3)

White-chinned Sapphire Hylocharis cyanus griseiventris Folha Seca, São Paulo state, Brazil. Male. The white chin is really just some pale flecks at the base of a few feathers, barely obviously even in a photo. (D3)		Gilded Hummingbird Hylocharis chrysura Caiman Lodge, Mato Grosso de Sul state, Brazil. A rather washed-out member of the genus. They are surprisingly common at Caiman, considering they are rare or absent from much of the northern Pantanal. (D3)

Golden-tailed Sapphire Chrysuronia oenone oenone San Rafael Falls, Sucumbíos province, Ecuador. Male. (D3)

White-throated Hummingbird Leucochloris albicollis Hotel do Ypê, Itatiaia NP, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. (D4)

Tumbes Hummingbird Leucippus baeri Chaparri reserve, Lambayeque department, Peru. Bathing in a stream. A well-named species found only in SW Ecuador and NW Peru. (S6)

Tumbes Hummingbird Leucippus baeri Chaparri reserve, Lambayeque department, Peru. (S6)

Buffy Hummingbird Leucippus fallax richmondi Araya Peninsula, Sucre state, Venezuela. A rather drab hummer of dry habitats. (D3)